Fannie and Freddie Baked in the Cake

Jumbo Mortgage markets have turned their attention back to the U.S. economy this morning, causing yesterday's rate improvements to unwind a bit.
Rates had fallen Monday after the Federal Reserve and U.S. Treasury's joint announcement in support of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Today, it's the data that is taking center stage.
Most notably, the U.S. Dollar is trading at an all-time low versus the Euro and other currencies.
This is a negative for active home buyers because American homeowners repay their mortgage interest in U.S. dollars. When the dollar loses value, so does the value of those interest payments so mortgage rates end up increasing in order to attract new investors.
Another reason why mortgage rates are higher this morning is that June's Producer Price Index registered much higher than was expected, posting its largest one-month gain since November 2007.
PPI is a lot like the Cost of Living index, except that it measures operating costs for businesses instead. When business costs are increasing, they are often passed onto consumers and this is why rising PPI is thought to be inflationary and inflation -- like a weakening dollar -- pressures mortgage rates to rise.
So, while Monday's rate improvements haven't completely erased, today's action reminds us that mortgage markets wait for no one and yesterday's mortgage rates rarely carry forward.
Especially when inflation is in the mix. Did you buy bread or gas this week? I did. Inflation is alive and killing our purchasing power.

When the Power Goes Out and Other Lessons.

In part of Los Angeles and Orange County we had a power outage that lasted about two hours this afternoon. This isn't Iraq where 40% of the time they have power failures. This is a rare event but it reminded me of the world and people we depend on to go about our daily lives.

Today's home owner or home buyer is experiencing the same level of surprise when they try to get a mortgage loan. Make no mistake about it THIS IS NOT A PROBLEM FOR OTHER PEOPLE. If you are thinking about selling, your buyer has to put 10-20% down now or take a high rate on an FHA loan with a big monthly mortgage insurance payment. It was 0% down two years ago with so-so credit. If you are thinking about refinancing now or some point when you can find the time. Do it now! If you don't have the equity or are 1 point shy on the FICO you are out of luck and stuck with your current loan.

I kid you not, it all matters. The rampant inflation has caused rates to move into the low 6% range on 5 and 7Y ARMs for the most qualified clients with plenty of equity. This is a shock to people that borrowed during the 02-05 period when rates were the lowest level in 50 years. Most of these client's are coming out of 5% rates on adjustables. These adjust against the LIBOR which is now 3.20%. Almost every Prime perfect credit ARM is 2.50% plus the LIBOR index. If you were adjusting today your rate would be 5.70%, not bad but look at this chart and do the math:

Rates move back to the 2006 or 2007 levels and you are at 7-8%+. In order to stop inflation central banks(i.e. the FED) raise rates. Don't be shocked to see HELOCs at 8% in two years and LIBOR at 6%. Why should a person put money in a CD at 3% when inflation is really 5-7%. Do you buy gas or food? Enough said. Rates will go higher to compensate.

Welcome to the new reality of a weak dollar, high inflation, and falling home values. No area in the country is immune to these forces. These winds have a dramatic impact on the loans available even to the most stellar money good borrowers. The new standard for jumbo loans is to have 20% equity minimum. This is for loans that are above the new Fannie Mae "conforming jumbo" limits which differ by area. In most high cost markets it is 729k. Do you have the equity to refinance? Are you close to not having 20% equity in your home? If not you can't refinance unless you bring a check to the table if you are in the jumbo loan market. Otherwise you can have 5-10% equity but now you have to carry mortgage insurance which can run a few hundred hard earned dollars a month.

If you want to check your home value go to realtor.com or redfin.com. Search for a home just like yours. Find similar homes and then find the lowest priced comparable. That is the market. Banks are looking at the lowest comparable home now because it is a falling market. This is called deflation. Home values are deflating like a balloon with a hole in it.

We have seen dozens of client's this month that can't refinance because they don't have the required equity. Their next move is usually to put their home on the market or sit tight and pray to the interest rate gods that their mortgage payment doesn't adjust too high. Don't gamble with your most valuable financial asset and largest liability. Pay attention to your risks and work to get the best possible loan for your situation. If you don't work with our firm, please work with someone competent. Take care and have a great weekend. The American Dream isn't dead we are just having a nightmare scenario. It will pass.

Not out of the Woods.

UCLA’s Anderson school of business reported that they see the first flicker light at the end of the housing collapse in California, citing year-over-year transaction increases in areas like Riverside (one of the hardest hit by the bubble). To me this just smacks of analysts wanting to be the first to call bottom without consideration to the underlying fundamentals of the California market.
The two most important of which are the fact that a majority of the loans in the more expensive markets were made with a combination of stated (a/k/a fake) income and exotic loan products like option arms and interest only loans that have yet to recast or adjust. How can anyone call for a bottom and say that foreclosures will ease in 2009 with a clear wave of resets looming on the horizon for 2009-2012 that are actually more severe in nature than ARM resets? That’s irresponsible.
An option ARM reset can increase the monthly payment requirement of a borrower 4-5 fold. With no equity to refinance these homes are going to go cascading in to foreclosure further hurting the market. Any one that does not take this eventuality as a serious threat to the market is just plain ignorant. It’s going to be messy.
See the graph and you tell me if we’re out of the woods yet. As an anecdotal story I had a specuvestor call my office seeking a 5% down NEGAM for a 1.4 million dollar home in Westwood that he thought was a bargain because it was reduced from 1.7 million.

It won't be done until 2012. All the 10's of billions of pick-a-pay time bomb loans haven't reset to fully amortizing yet. As a sign that it was a poisonous product WAMU(the 2nd biggest lender in this area) announced yesterday that they will no longer offer this product. Maybe the smart money crowd knows something the specuvestors don't about real estate and the $34B worth of NEGAMs WAMU has on the books. I will let these charts speak for themselves:

Buy vs Rent:Long Time Renter Takes The Plunge

From a recent client discussion:

"The case for renting has been simple enough. House prices rose so high in the first half of this decade that you could often get more for your money by renting. You could also avoid having a large part of your net worth tied up in a speculative bubble. All this time, I have been a renter myself, ... [but] the housing market has, obviously, changed quite a bit since our last move, in 2005....This month, we found a house that we really liked, and we made an offer. It was accepted.I’m still not sure how good our timing was. Based on the backlog of houses on the market, I fully expect that our new house will be worth less in six months than it is today. ...In fact, if you’re now renting - almost anywhere - and do not need to move, I’d probably recommend that you wait to buy. The market is still coming your way. But it’s O.K. with me if our timing wasn’t perfect.
Leonhardt isn't buying for appreciation, and he realizes the price will probably still decline further. He is buying because prices have fallen enough that the intangibles of homeownership (as he and his wife value them) outweigh the extra costs of owning a home compared to renting."

Chaos in Luxury Finance. The Other Shoe Has Dropped.

This week we witnessed a dramatic change within the jumbo mortgage and luxury financing space that has broad implications for housing markets across the country. It appears to have started with Wells Fargo on Monday and spread within a day to all investors whether bank, insurance, pension or hedge fund money sources. Remember we had earnings from all banks and insurance companies in the last two weeks. This allowed all market participants to peek under the hood and see that the credit engine is leaking oil.

The market above 1m had become restrictive in the last few months moving to a fully documented income, 720 minimum FICO playing field for most loan scenarios. Lending to the wealthy seemed stable. Then this weeks major crack in the 2m+ market which we specialize in, we knew another shoe had dropped in the credit meltdown. Granted 1-20m property finance is a niche within the 10 trillion dollar mortgage industry. But, the changes forecast major declines in luxury markets as this further decreases the available pool of buyers and will pressure prices.

Program loan to value limits were cut between 5-10% at most investors. We received dozens of calls from brokers, realtors, and loan officers across the country desperatly searching for 20-25% down financing for their purchases that now require 30-35% down or millions in reserves which most clients don't have. Programs are available to put 20% down on property up to 6m but they require 1-3m plus in liquid assets beyond the down payment. It will take a few weeks for this meltdown to be seen in asking prices as housing markets move VERY slowly. Not like your gas station that changes prices every afternoon right before you pull up to fill the tank on the weekend.
As proof of the credit market distress I would like you to consider the 1Y USD LIBOR chart below. This is May 1st 2007 to May 1st 2008. With hundreds of billions that the European Central Bank and FED Central Bank action in March we had a great move down in LIBOR as they flooded the market with cash in exchange for illiquid securities from banks. Now we have spiked up again and the market is saying that their is huge demand for money and supply is constrained. Lenders are afraid to lend so they are increasing the price. So econ 101 dictates prices must rise hence we have moved up about .75% in the last 30 days. Every borrowing cost is rising yet the FED just cut rates on Wednesday and the market is not responding. Remember the FED rate cuts only matters to banks who can borrow at the window or for your HELOC which is based on prime. The majority of corporate borrowing and 80-90% of adjustable rate mortgages are based on LIBOR. The LIBOR movement has a direct impact on what rate someone gets today and if someone is adjusting now they will move up or down based on LIBOR every 6 months per their jumbo loan contract.

Well another happy piece of news for folks on the sidelines waiting to buy. Enjoy your weekend and someday this meltdown will be over. Just not for several years. It took time to create the largest asset bubble in history and it will take time to deflate back to the fundamentals.


Extra reading for you credit crunch junkies:

The Fed is apparently still worried about the LIBOR, from the WSJ: Central Banks Ponder Dollar-Debt Rate
Central banks on both sides of the Atlantic are debating causes of the surge in interest rates on commercial banks' dollar-borrowing in money markets and considering what they can do about it.A major source of stress has been the London interbank offered rate, or Libor, a benchmark for the rates banks pay on dollar loans in the offshore market. It remains unusually high compared with expected Federal Reserve interest rates...

Why is your jumbo mortgage more expensive now?

If you wonder why jumbo mortgage rates for all borrowers have increased in recent months at major banks it's because we are in a real deal Holyfield CREDIT CRUNCH. No fooling around, every major financial institution around the world has had to go cap in hand to shareholders or international wealth funds for money. All the money that went into bad loans needs to be replenished and the cost of capital is going up for everyone. Classic supply and demand. As a mortgage banker we saw this meltdown coming years ago and created relationships with insurance companies, pension funds and small banks in order to provide jumbo mortgage financing outside the Wall St blood bath. After you call your bank give us a call you will be impressed if you have solid credit, income and have equity in your property.
from Marketwatch
Citi originally said Tuesday that it would raise $3 billion in a stock offering, but increased that amount by $1.5 billion after demand for the new shares exceeded its original offer. The banking giant said the offering priced at $25.27 per share, with the transaction totaling more than 178 million shares.
Citi shares fell 3.5% in pre-market trading Wednesday.
Citi said that the offering of new common stock, combined with the $6 billion it raised earlier this year selling preferred shares, would have left the company with a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.6% at the end of March.
"We were pleased to increase the offering size to $4.5 billion in response to strong demand from a broad base of investors," Citi Chief Financial Officer Gary Crittenden said in a statement. "This optimizes our capital structure and further strengthens our balance sheet."

Citi has lost billions of dollars as the global credit crunch hammered the value of risky mortgage-related securities and leveraged loans held by the company. It tapped former hedge-fund manager Vikram Pandit to replace Charles Prince as chief executive last year and is selling some assets and businesses to cut leverage.
Citi also got a $7.5 billion investment from Abu Dhabi in November and said in January that it was raising $14.5 billion more from Singapore, Kuwait and other governments.
Analysts reacted coolly to the newest push to raise capital, saying Wednesday before the announcement of the increased offering, that they remain concerned that Citigroup did not go far enough with its $3 billion target.
"The fact that the company raised such a small amount of capital at this time confounds us," Oppenheimer analyst Meredith Whitney wrote in a research note Wednesday. "By our estimates, we believe Citi needs to raise an additional $10-$15 billion or sell several hundreds of billions worth of assets in order to truly shore up its capital position."
She cited "seriously constrained" earnings power and pressure on four of Citi's 10 core businesses as continuing problems for the bank.
Analysts said Citi may have come under the watchful eye of ratings agencies that are worried it does not have sufficient capital to weather future market disruptions. This means the banking giant will need to increase its reserves significantly over the next few months.
"It is our belief that one or more of the rating agencies did not feel comfortable with the firm's current capital mix and that is why the company offered the $3 billion in common stock," said William Tanona, an analyst for Goldman Sachs, in a note to investors.
"If our assumption is correct, it suggests that additional capital raises will likely also be in the form of common equity, which is most dilutive to shareholders [and] conversely, we view this as a positive for debt holders," Tanona said.
Concern remains on Wall Street that the company may still have large exposure to mortgage-related securities and other vulnerable assets.
Citi reported a $5.1 billion net loss earlier in April as it wrote down the value of soured mortgage investments and other credit-related positions by roughly $12 billion.

Real Estate Supply and Demand in 8 mins.

This is an outstanding video in that it provides a basic overview of what is going on from a consumer demand perspective, it is 8 minutes long, and worth a viewing.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cus4opgTJb0

Mortgage Rates are Low But Millions Won't Qualify

The topic is a little stale and monotonous. But if you have any interest in mortgage rates or your ability to get a great mortgage loan in this credit crunch keep reading. Otherwise return to your regularly scheduled net surfing. You keep hearing (and watching) me say that mortgage rates are down, but that not everyone is eligible for the lower rates. This chart should help clarify:

To read it, just find the intersection of your credit score and loan-to-value. The number in the box is the mandatory mortgage fee that mortgage financier Fannie Mae tacks on to your closing costs.
The fee is calculated as:
(Mandatory Fee) = (Loan Size) * (Mortgage Pricing Adjustment) / 100
These added costs are making conforming remortgages cost-prohibitive for a lot of Americans.
The risk-based fees are officially called "Loan-Level Pricing Adjustments" although the abbreviated form of "LLPA" is used just as often. I tend to call them "risk-based fees" because it's easier to understand.
The fees shown above, by the way, are in addition to the universal fee of 0.25 on all home loans, regardless of credit score or LTV. That particular charge is called the "Adverse Market Delivery Charge" and went into effect in December 2007.
But the costs don't stop there. There are other more risk-based price changes for homeowners to know about. For example:
All 2-unit properties carry 0.500 in mandatory fees
All 3-4 unit properties carry 1.000 in mandatory fees
"Cash out" remortgages at all LTVs can add up to 0.500 in fees
The good news is the mandatory mortgage fees don't have to be paid at closing. Most mortgage lenders will trade 1.000 in fees for a quarter-percent increase in mortgage rate. This means that if your mortgage rate is 6.000% and your costs are 1.000, you can accept a 6.250% rate and skip the loan-level pricing adjustment in its entirety.
Wrapping the fees into the mortgage rate makes the monthly mortgage payment higher, but preserves a homeowner's liquidity and cash position.
Expect more risk-based fees throughout this year, especially for LTVs above 80 percent, and for specific property-types such as condos and multi-families. If you watch this show, you'll see the bigger picture and how we got to this place.
The piling-on of risk-based fees makes now a good time to consider buying or remortgaging a home. Changes to pricing are made without advance notice and we all get taken by surprise. Always to our detriment.
Mortgage rates may fall with the economy this year, but it won't matter if the cost of financing keeps increasing. If you're going to want a new conforming or jumbo loan later this year, talk to a mortgage banker today and get a plan started.

One's misfortune is your gain.

This magazine arrived in the mailbox today and sums up my view of the various opportunities within markets that the upheaval and perfect storm present. Make no mistake about it this is the greatest financial crisis since the Great Depression. The wave of bank failures has just started. The FDIC just added about 150 new staff members that are experienced in dealing with insolvent banks. Terrible news is everywhere, but the best deals are always to be had when everyone is running around losing their mind.

Deals abound:

Goldman Sachs Sold $500m worth of Chrysler Debt at 0.63 on the dollar. Remember the US government bailed out Chrysler in the 80's and made billions on the loan. Maybe this hedge fund will do the same on this loan. Time will tell.

A home builder sold improved land for 15 cents on the dollar (of builder's total costs).

Client's are buying foreclosed homes at 60% of what they sold for in 06 and in some markets 05.

These deals are done quickly. Just like the good old half-yearly at Nordstrom or the blue light special at K-Mart. You have to know the sky isn't falling, have the cash or financing in place and pull the trigger. These deals won't last.

I hear news from realtors across the country of multiple offers on homes in great areas that are priced right. Remember their is no such thing as a national market for housing. In Santa Monica, CA for example you can have a 2m home and six blocks over you have 500k fixers. Real estate is local and often block by block. The smart money is looking at this as the best of times. Sure prices in all markets can go lower but how many people have bought the bottom of any market? It is better to be a little early to the show than to be late and have missed it all together. Welcome to the FIRE SALE SHOW. Where cash is king.

Lehman Loses $300 Millon on Stated Loans.

Lehman brothers has anounced today that they have lost $300 million from one borrower on their super stated income loan business.

UPDATE: Lehman Wants Repayment For Alleged Loan Scam: Reports
March 31, 2008: 12:44 AM EST


HONG KONG (Dow Jones) -- Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. is expected to file a lawsuit in a Tokyo court Monday seeking repayment from Marubeni Corp. of $350 million in funds its says were misappropriated in a loan fraud carried out by two former employees of the Japanese trading house, according to news reports.
Lehman last year granted loans to a fund run by a medical consulting firm owned by LTT Bio-Pharma Co. in Tokyo, according to The Wall Street Journal.
The funds were to be used for the purchase of medical equipment and were secured with certificates bearing Marubeni letterhead and a seal of a Marubeni board member, the Journal reported, citing a person familiar with the matter.
The New York-based investment bank later found the board member's seal was forged, the report said.
Marubeni said it is a victim of identify fraud and that the documents involved in the transaction were forged. Marubeni said in a weekend statement an internal investigation showed it had no involvement in the forgery of documents used to secure the loans and had no obligation to compensate Lehman's for its losses.
Reports said a minimum of two meetings to finalize the deal were conducted at Marubeni's Tokyo headquarters.
Lehman entered into the transaction with two Marubeni employees who were at the time senior staff with the Japanese firm's life care business. The two employees have since been sacked, although Marubeni has not said why they were terminated.
Shares of Marubeni (MARUY) were down 7% at the midday recess in Tokyo trading Monday.
A Lehman statement cited in The Journal report said the investment bank "was closely working with authorities to seek full recovery of funds it believes to have been frequently misappropriated."
The funds weren't repaid at the end of February, prompting concern at Lehman. The unit of LTT Bio-Pharma filed for bankruptcy protection on March 19.
Lehman said that it has investigated the situation and filed a criminal complaint with Japanese police.
Both companies are cooperating with Japanese authorities, the Journal reported.
Lehman Bros. (LEH) shares fell 2.2% Friday to close at $37.87.

So these are the banks that we need to bail out? Did they "lend" $300 million to a couple of Modern Day Ocean's 11 style financial heist crew? They realized there was a problem when they didn't get the payment?! Maybe they should have examined a little more than two executives and some letterhead. Mr.Mortgage's opinion regarding your tax dollars is NO BAILOUT!

Don't Let Fear Blind You

FEAR is ruling the financial markets. Billions of dollars have been lost in mortgage-related investments. The Federal Reserve worked madly over the weekend to engineer a takeover of Bear Stearns and avert a systemic meltdown. But the big fear remains. How low will house prices go?

If prices continue to fall, mortgage defaults will move well beyond the subprime sector. Trillions of dollars in losses for investors are not impossible. But that doesn’t mean they are inevitable.
In 1997, inflation-adjusted house prices were close to their average levels over the previous half-century. Only four years later, the price of the average home nationwide exceeded anything ever seen before in the United States. Prices continued to rise for another five years, peaking in 2006 at nearly twice the average price in 1997 (as can be seen on the graph on the bottom right, which is based on data collected by the Yale economist Robert Shiller). If house prices are heading back to the levels seen in 1997, then we are facing catastrophe.

But there are good reasons to believe that much of the increase in prices was a rational response to changes in fundamental factors like interest rates and supply. The deeper fundamentals continue to suggest strong housing prices for the future.

Sure, speculation did run rampant toward the end of the housing boom. (The debut of the reality television show “Flip That House” on Discovery Home Channel, followed shortly by “Flip This House” on A&E, was a clear sign that the boom’s end was near.) Prices will fall further, especially in the speculative developments built on the outskirts of the major cities. So yes, we overshot the fundamentals.

Still, especially in coastal areas where zoning regulations have restricted the supply of land that developers can build on, house prices were driven up by increasing population, low interest rates and strong economic growth.

More and more people want to live on the coasts, but land is hard to come by in places like Manhattan and San Francisco. Cities and regions built on ideas — like Boston, Los Angeles, New York and the San Francisco Bay Area — have grown even as areas built on manufacturing, like Detroit and the Rust Belt, have declined. And of course, government isn’t getting any smaller, so Washington and its suburbs, another hot spot of rising house prices during the boom, will continue to grow.

Even in places where land seems plentiful, zoning and other land-use regulations have made it scarce. To meet demand, we should encourage high-density development, but homeowners fought to restrict housing supply when house prices were increasing. Now that house prices are falling, the incentives of owners to restrict supply are even stronger.

Several studies estimate that the average house prices of 2004 were close to fundamental levels, so we may see prices stabilize near that level. Just like any market, bargains are to be had for the careful buyer. Did you know that on days when the stock market is down, often half the stocks are up for the day? You can't paint an entire market, let alone state or city with the same brush. Pasadena Real Estate is very different than Hawthorne yet they are both in LA County. Good deals are to be had by the prudent and patient.

On FED Watch. Mortgages up or down?

Mr.Mortgage is on FED watch this morning as this may have positive or negative implications for clients. When the Federal Reserve lowers the Fed Funds Rate, mortgage rates tend to increase, and it's always for the same, few, related reasons:

Rate cuts create long-term inflation pressure. Bought gas or food lately?
Rate cuts makes the U.S. dollar weaker.
Rate cuts reflect short-term economic weakness

But rate cuts are just one way that the Federal Reserve can impact mortgage rates; there's more than one color in the Fed's crayon box, after all.
How the FOMC treats the Fed Funds Rate today is only one part of the story. The other part is what the Federal Reserve does to make mortgages feel "safe" to market investors.

One reason why mortgage rates are slightly down this past week is because the Fed has intervened with normal market activity on multiple occasions and with each intervention, the Fed is implicitly or explicitly saying, "We will not let conforming mortgage debt default."
This "guarantee" from the Federal Reserve reduces the risk of mortgage loans sold through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Lower risk = lower rates.

What the Fed says today will be as important as what the Fed does. If the press release reveals a proclivity for guaranteeing additional mortgage debt, expect mortgage rates to fall because mortgage debt will be considered "safer" for investors. The jumbo loan market will key off the conforming market.